Hand Analysis PsychologyMany handanalysts allege that on the basis of a hand only they are able to produce a personality profile in which people recognize themselves. However, are people able to identify their own personality profile?
Attention for the psychology between |
|
- The Forer experiment! -
What is the value of
positive feedback?
Various experiments have indicated that people can be seduced easily to provide positive feedback. Probably the most famous study on this matter is the experiment executed in 1948 by psychologist Bertram Forer.
Forer invited his student to participate in a personality test. The first phase of this test concerned asking the students to provide various personal information about themselves, related to: hobbies, personal characteristics, secret hopes, and their ambitions. Afterwards Forer promised his students that within a week he would give them a brief description of their personality based on the results of the test.
True to his word, one week later Forer gave each student what appeared to be a personalized interpretation: a typed personality sketch with the student's own name written on the top.
The students were assured that their privacy would be strictly respected, since no one except the student and Dr. Forer would ever know the contents of the sketch.
The tendency of men and women to recognize themselves in a broad general personality sketch is called in scientific psychology the 'Barnum-effect' - named after P.T. Barnum of circus fame, who is known to be a brilliant psychological manipulator.
After reading the sketches, the students were asked to rate the effectiveness of the test in describing their personality, using a scale from 0 ("poor") to 5 ("perfect"). They evidently thought that the test had done a good job, for their average rating was 4.26. However, there was only one thing wrong: unbeknown to the students, Forer had given each of them the identical personality sketch!
After Forer's experiment, psychology students have been invited frequently to participate in likewise experiments and the average result is still about to be 4.2. What one can learn from Forer's experiment is that under certain conditions people are seduced easily to provide positive feedback.
['click' at The Sceptic's Dictionary in order to read more information about the Barnum-effect']
1 - "You have a great need for other people to like and admire you." 2 - "You have a tendency to be critical of yourselve." 3 - "You have a great deal of unused capacity which you have not turned to your advantage." 4 - "While you have some personality weaknesses, you are generally able to compensate for them." 5 - "Your sexual adjustment has presented problems for you." 6 - "Disciplined and self-controlled outside, you tend to be worrisome and insecure inside." 7 - "You have found it unwise to be too frank in revealing yourself to others." 8 - "At times you are extroverted, affable, sociable, while at other times you are introverted, wary, reserved."
- The handanalysis students experiment -
In line with Forer's experiment I have introduced a likewise experiment during a 10-day handanalysis class. In the third meeting of that class I have made inkprints of the students' hands, and I have presented my students the opportunity to receive a personal handanalysis composed by a very experienced handanalyst. Afterwards I have informed the students that I would contact these handanalysts in order to ask them to compose a personality sketch on the basis of the hand inkprints.
The students were asked to provide their feedback in a rating varying from 1 (='no') to 5 (= 'yes'). Evidently the handanalysis students thought that the handanalysts had done a good job, for the average score was 4.1. Afterwards I have invited the students I to share their thoughts about their individual experiences during reading the profile. A few minutes later the atmosphere among the students became ludicrous since they discovered that each of them had rated the same personality sketch! By the way, during the first course meeting I had informed the student about my observation that it is actually very hard to find out about the reliability of handanalysis - because of the 'Barnum-effect'. After the experiment I have reminded my students about that issue, but I have also explained them that the result of this experiment should not be recognized as an indication for the reliability of handanalysis. Nevertheless, this experiment did have an important functionality in the course 'evolutionary handanalysis' which I have presented as an experiment in the second half of the year 2003. For by means of this experiment I have putten the students in a position in order to experience themselves that the value of positive feedback can sometimes be very limited.
- The handanalysts experiment -
This brings us into a position where we could start speculating about the value of the client's feedback during a handanalysisconsultation. However, since we can only speculate about this matter, this might not be very usefull. More interestingly we can use an experiment in order to face the following question:
In order to answer this question I would like to present an experiment which I have conducted in the summer of 2001 in coöperation with 6 experienced handanalysts - each of them has putten handanalysis into practice for at least 10 years:
In the perspective of this experiment I had selected 5 female subjects and I have asked them to provide their hands available for a handanalysis research program. Every single handanalyst was asked to compose a personality sketch for each of the subjects on the basis of a photo + an inkprint of the hands only. Afterwards I have presented the personality sketches composed by handanalyst 1 to each subject and they were asked to select the best sketch - the best one with which each subject could identify with. This procedure was also conducted to the series of personality sketches which were composed by the other handanalysts.
The experiments which I have described indicate that the effect of a handanalysis consultation is very likely determined for a large part by the interaction between the handanalyst and the client.
|
© COPYRIGHT 2002-2017: |